Types of Microphones

A cardioid mic has a somewhat directional pickup pattern, so it is less sensitive to sounds from behind, than it is to the sides and front. It is often used from above, on a fishpole.

The microphone on some cameras has a super-cardioid pattern, more directional in pickup.

A shotgun mic is an even more directional super-cardioid. In film and video, this allows you to record close perspective sound, with less background noise, from a greater distance to avoid placing the mic in the visible frame. There may be some sacrifice of sound quality compared to a simpler cardioid mic.

The lavalier mic is small enough to be hidden on a person's clothes, to provide close perspective sound of their voice. It will also pick up other voices or sounds from nearby. Unless equipped with a wireless transmitter, it is best suited to static scenes.

Note: a lavalier has an omni-directional pickup pattern, so the direction it is pointing is not significant.

Download a microphone demonstration (1.1MB QuickTime movie.) The file loses the clarity of the original recording, but demonstrates the different characteristics of the cardioid (which has the best quality, but must be close to the source), the shotgun (which is strong but a bit tinny sounding), and the lavalier (which gives a very close perspective).

When recording with the Canon XH-A1 camera, the Automatic Level Control normally sets the audio recording level. When using the camera with manual level control, adjust the level so the loudest sounds are just below zero on the VU meter in the viewfinder.

In studio recording, the microphone is usually placed in close perspective. For voice recording, have the narrator speak across , rather than directly into the mic.

Always take great care with audio cables and connectors, which are fragile and essential to sound recording. Check all equipment before you take it on location.

Continue to Sound Perspective.

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